THE HABSBURG DINASTY

INDEX

1-THE EMPIRE OF CHARLES I
2-THE SPANISH OF PHILIPS II
3-ECONOMY AND SOCIETY IN THE 16TH CENTURY
4-THE DECLINE OF THE EMPIRE IN THE 17TH CENTURY
-PHILIP III  
-PHILIP IV
-CHARLES II
5-ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IN THE 17TH CENTURY
 

1-THE EMPIRE OF CHARLES I
1.1. HEIR TO AN EMPIRE

Charles V^[a] (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I as Holy Roman Emperor and his son Philip II as King of Spain in 1556.

Charles was born as the eldest son of Philip the Handsome and Joanna the Mad in the Flemish city  

Arms of Charles I added to those of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Two Sicilies and Granada present in the previous coat, those of Austria, Naples and Navarre are incorporated.

1.2. PROBLEMS WITHIN THE EMPIRE

• The revolt of the comuneros( 1520-1521) was an uprising of nobles, the bourgeoisie and the peasants of castile  against the king¨s economic policy.
• The revolt of the brotherhoods( 1521-1523) was an uprising of artisans and peasants in Valencia and Mallorca. The artisans wanted access to gobernment office and the peasants wanted better rental conditions.

1.3. PROBLEMS ABROAD

• He went to war with France ( 1525-1544) defeated the French army in the Battle of Pavia
• He fought the Turks ( 1529-1541)
• He confroted the German princes,who supported Lutheran reform

2-THE SPANISH EMPIRE OF PHILIP II 

2.1. PHILIP II¨s GOVERNMENT

In 1556, Carles I gave the title of Eperor of Germany and his Austrian territories to his younger son Fedinand. He gave the rest of his territories, which included Spain, to his older son Philip.
Philip II governed very differntly from his father.
Philip II extended the system of advisory councils.

PHilip II continued his father¨s fight against Protestantism.

2.2 FOREING POLICY

Philip II tried to maintain Spanish power in Europe and impose the Catholic religion.

• - Against the French, who he defeated in the Battle os Saint-Quentin ijn 1557.
•   
• - Against the Turks, who defeated in the battle of Leopanto 1571.
• - Against England, which supported the Protestants and attacked Spanish ships trading with America.
• - Against Flanders, which revolted against higyh taxes ans suffere because of the religius conflict.
•              When the king of Portugal died without an heir, Philip II annexed PORTUGAL.

3-SPANISH ECONOMY AND SOCIETY IN THE 16th CENTURY

3.1 THE ECONOMY

During the 16th century, large amounts os gold and silver were brought to spain from america.

An increase in the in the demand for goods from America led to growth in trade and cimmerce.

Most trade took place in castilian  cities and Atlantic ports, such as Seville.

Spanish and foreing traders brought goods from all over Europe to the Iberian Peninsula.

Most of the land belonged to the aristocracy or the Church and was used mostly for livestock farming.

3.2 SOCIETY

In the 16th century, the population of Spain increased, especially in Castile. The majority of the population continued to live in the countryside, and the cities had few inhabitans.

The privileged class was made up of noble and clergy , who owned most of the land . Eighty percent of the population were peasants , who paid taxes and had limited rights

                       

4-THE DECLINE OF THE EMPIRE IN THE 17th CENTURY.

4.1 PHILIP III:THE GOVERNMENT OF FAVOURITES

Monarch in the 17th century left governing to favourites, who became very powerful ministers. During his short reing, Philip III delegated power to the Duke of Lerma, who maintained peace abroad.

In 1609, Philip III ordered the expulsion of the moriscos from the Peninsula. 

                

              
                   

4.2 PHILIP IV: THE END OF EUROPEAN DOMINANCE

Philip IV appointed the Count-Duke of Olivares as his favourite. He wanted to maintain Habsburg dominance in Europe.

 This policy led to a war with France know as the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). The war ended with the signing of the Peace of Westphalia treaty in 1648.

In Andalusia the revolt was suppressed, but Portugal managed to separated from the Spanish Crown with support from England and France.

Catalonia also received help from the French. The war between Spain and France finally ended with the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659.

4.3. CHARLES II: CRISIS IN THE HABSBURG MONARCHY 

Spain experienced a period of crisis during the reign of Charles II, Spain last Habsburg monarch.

When Charles II died without an heir in 1700, the War of the Spanish Succession broke out between Philip of France's Bourbon dynasty and Charles of Austria. 

                        

5-ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CRISIS IN THE 17th CENTURY

 5.1.CRISIS IN THE CROW OF CASTILE

In the 17th century, there was a sharp decrease in the popultion og Castile because of emigration to America, wars, epidemics and the expulsion of the Moriscos.

As agricultural conditions worsened. Livestock farming also suffered.

Durig this period, industry and trade decreased significantly because of foreign competition.

While the nobles acquired more new property and other luxuries, the peasants, artisans and hidalgos struggled to survive the economic crisis.

5.2.THE CRISIS AND THE CROWN OF ARAGON

The crisis did not have the same effect on places like Aragon, which had not been central to American trade. In the 17th century, Aragon's more stable economy allowed new trading companies to appear, and silk textile industry also began.

                    
 

REALIZADO POR : Maxi Verjano Santiago 
y Manuel Sayago Jaramillo